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Hubble has revealed an evolving 10-sided atmospheric wave around Saturn’s south pole. Learn what scientists know, how jet-stream waves can form polygonal patterns, and why the decagon differs from Saturn’s famous northern hexagon.
What really happens when a satellite returns through Earth’s atmosphere? Explore heating, fragmentation, targeted re-entry and how ESA’s Cluster observations can improve safer spacecraft design.
Earth’s seasons are caused mainly by its tilted axis, not its changing distance from the Sun. Learn how solar angle and day length change through solstices and equinoxes.
Learn how transition-edge quantum sensors measure X-rays from uranium, plutonium and neptunium, why X-ray and gamma-ray spectra can overlap, and how better measurements improve nuclear monitoring.
Explore how ancient lake water, groundwater and hydrothermal fluids left different geological clues in Jezero Crater—and how Perseverance reads that history.
Learn how the Cocoon Nebula can be an emission, reflection and dark nebula at the same time, why dust hides stars, and how dense clouds form new stars.
Earth’s centre of mass shifts slightly as water, ice and atmosphere redistribute. Learn what the geocentre is and why millimetre-scale changes matter for satellites.
Learn how lunar impact craters form, why fresh ejecta looks bright, how secondary craters develop, and how NASA’s LRO finds new impacts by comparing before-and-after images.
Learn what snow drought means, the difference between dry and warm snow drought, how snow water equivalent works, and why low mountain snowpack can reduce reservoir inflows.
Learn how GX 301-2 captures part of Wray 977’s stellar wind, how temporary accretion forms, and how XRISM spectroscopy revealed plasma falling toward the pulsar.
What is a brown dwarf? Webb has identified objects in IC 348 with masses around twice Jupiter's, helping astronomers test how the smallest star-like bodies form.
NASA has activated Roman's 300-megapixel Wide Field Instrument in space. Learn how its 18 detectors, wide field of view and infrared sensitivity enable enormous astronomical surveys.